Last updated: 2022-01-10

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Knit directory: The-single-cell-epigenetic-and-transcriptional-landscape-of-immune-response-to-SARS-CoV-2-vaccine/

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QC table

Raw gene expression matrices were generated for each sample by the Cell Ranger ARC(V.2.0) Pipeline coupled with human reference version GRCh38. The output filtered gene expression matrices were analyzed by R software (v.4.1.1) with the Seurat package (v.4.0.3). Low-quality cells were removed if they met the following criteria:

  1. <800 &>25000 unique molecular identifiers (UMIs);
  2. <200 &>5000 genes which expressed in less than three cells;
  3. UMIs derived from the mitochondrial genome >15%.
test<-read.csv('/home/rongwang/The-single-cell-epigenetic-and-transcriptional-landscape-of-immune-response-to-SARS-CoV-2-vaccine/data/SAMPLE_INFORMATION.csv',sep = ",",header = F)

kable(test)
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 V13 V14 V15
SAMPLE BEFOR QC AFTER QC NOTE
number of cells Median fragments Median genes Median counts Mean percent.mt Multiplet Rate number of cells Median fragments Median genes Median counts Mean percent.mt Multiplet Rate Multiplet Rate_another Notes
M1-1 10,275 6264 1,940 4,648 7.795 0.40% 9449 1974 4730 6.56 0.33% 0.0924
M1-2 15,640 6,835 1,717 3,688 7.4278 0.43% 13835 1808 3969 6.66 0.37% 0.2559
M1-3 9,267 9,059 1,536 3,005 7.8122 0.51% 8546 1558 3060 6.84 0.44% 0.0396
M1-4 11,754 8,865 1,924 4,230 5.9942 0.31% 11000 1951 4288 5.23 0.27% 0.1223
M1-5 14,864 7,715 1,793 3,834 7.7757 0.43% 14068 1810 3867 7.17 0.40% 0.0388
M1-6 15,476 7,002 1,642 3,326 7.8021 0.48% 14,793 1,656 3,356 7.38 0.45% 0.3207
M1-7 14,087 7,326 1,677 3,628 8.6532 0.52% 13,012 1,702 3,692 7.79 0.46% 0.2925
M1-8 10,550 10,360 1,649 3,595 8.5636 0.52% 9,649 1,741 3,666 7.94 0.46% 0.2545
M1-9 10,083 12,573 1,686 3,797 8.552 0.51% 9,387 1,707 3,851 7.74 0.45% 0.217
M1-10 9,753 13,313 1,728 3,838 8.10695 0.47% 9,022 1,752 3,896 7.29 0.42% 0.1199
M2-1 16,381 6,163 1,469 2,837 7.665 0.52% 12,899 1,607 3,217 7.04 0.44% 0.2445
M2-4 12,007 13,874 1,913 4,401 7.44879 0.39% 11,393 1,931 4,473 6.84 0.35% 0.0256
M2-5 11,956 4,875 1,681 3,378 5.5161 0.33% 11,471 1,701 3,425 5.32 0.31% 0.0751
M2-6 10,588 11,901 1,815 3,981 6.969 0.38% 10,121 1,832 4,037 6.5 0.35% 0.4809
M2-7 9,378 11,028 1,925 4,394 7.4543 0.39% 8,755 1,949 4,445 6.81 0.35% 0.43068
M2-8 10,701 13,992 1,981 4,628 6.748 0.34% 10,385 1,992 4,662 6.04 0.30% 0.3683
M2-9 10,015 14,100 1,910 4,462 6.87455 0.36% 9,558 1,930 4,513 6.36 0.33% 0.209
M2-10 7,693 17,742 2,116 5,043 7.107 0.34% 7,338 2,132 5,081 6.67 0.31% 0.1968
M3-1 11,650 8,758 508 2804 37.2752 7.34% 5,248 1730 3626 7.21 0.42% 0.0897 Different QC standards
M3-2 13,357 7,961 79 2956 52.3007 66.20% 3,282 1840 3864 6.63 0.36% 0.0393 Different QC standards
M3-3 17,057 8,026 80 2191 56.6009 70.75% 3,712 1671 3153 7.64 0.46% 0.0657 Different QC standards
M3-4 12,286 14,068 1,952 4,798 7.8076 0.40% 11,050 2,003 4,923 6.63 0.33% 0.0974
M3-5 10,969 13,019 2,067 5,581 6.8651 0.33% 10,353 2,089 5,646 6.28 0.30% 0.111
M3-6 9,701 14,269 2,063 5,232 7.14014 0.35% 9,255 2,079 5,262 6.76 0.33% 0.1192
M3-7 9,916 15,978 1,953 4,852 7.55251 0.39% 9,383 1,971 4,894 7.08 0.36% 0.1687
M3-8 9,558 17,508 1,800 4,327 8.333 0.46% 8,360 1,858 4,531 7.46 0.40% 0.039
M3-9 14,314 11,334 1,842 4,390 6.4114 0.35% 13,580 1,862 4,418 6.1 0.33% 0.1709
M3-10 14,032 8,338 1,431 2,793 7.1158 0.50% 12,939 1,462 2,852 6 0.44% 0.2094
M5-1 10,091 15,509 1,763 3,943 7.523 0.43% 9,462 1,787 4,002 6.821 0.38% 0.2221
M5-2 12,351 14,539 1,750 4,068 7.497 0.43% 11,304 1,787 4,126 6.968 0.39% 0.2539
M5-3 11,822 11,308 1,778 3,886 7.16 0.40% 11,280 1,795 3,928 6.74 0.38% 0.2545
M5-4 9,365 15,557 1,846 4,185 7.037 0.38% 8,907 1,866 4,230 6.506 0.35% 0.0348
M5-5 8,260 16,884 1,783 3,862 7.553 0.42% 7,776 1,805 3,914 6.918 0.38% 0.097
M5-6 9,450 14,950 1,742 3,823 7.18 0.41% 9,040 1,757 3,862 6.76 0.38% 0.3012
M5-7 10,577 15,797 1,896 4,198 7.219 0.38% 10,228 1,905 4,219 6.92 0.36% 0.1257
M5-8 11,070 13,300 1,664 3,459 8.4 0.50% 10,285 1,689 3,516 7.77 0.46% 0.0973
M5-9 12,161 12,826 1,423 2,758 7.659 0.54% 11,444 1,442 2,786 7.27 0.50% 0.1911
M5-10 15,301 8,844 1,384 2,603 7.644 0.55% 13836 1439 2716 7.041 0.49% 0.3791
sum 443756 441760 385405
mean 11,678 11625.26316 1,655 3879.526316 10.69841684 4.19% 10142.23684 1804.473684 4018.315789 6.844052632 0.38%

Identify doublets

To remove potential doublets, for PBMC samples, cells with UMI counts above 25,000 and detected genes above 5,000 are filtered out. Additionally, we applied DoubletFinder to identify potential doublets. After quality control, a total of 384,765 cells were remained.

library('patchwork')
library('ggplot2')
library('dplyr')
library('Seurat')
library('Matrix')
library('fields')
library('KernSmooth')
library('ROCR')
library('parallel')
library('DoubletFinder')

people <- c('1','2', '3', '5')

for (person in people){
  for (timepoint in 1:10) {
    data_dir = paste('/database/Results/0712_ATAC+RNA/M', person, '-', timepoint, '/outs/filtered_feature_bc_matrix/', sep = "")
    print (data_dir)
    
    sample <- Read10X(data.dir = data_dir)
    seu_sample <- CreateSeuratObject(counts = sample$`Gene Expression`)
    seu_sample <- NormalizeData(seu_sample)
    seu_sample <- FindVariableFeatures(seu_sample, selection.method = "vst", nfeatures = 2000)
    seu_sample <- ScaleData(seu_sample)
    seu_sample <- RunPCA(seu_sample)
    seu_sample <- FindNeighbors(seu_sample)
    seu_sample <- FindClusters(seu_sample)
    seu_sample <- RunUMAP(seu_sample, dims = 1:10)
    num_cell <- nrow(seu_sample@meta.data)
    title1 <- paste('Num_Cell:', num_cell, seq = "")
    p <- DimPlot(seu_sample, reduction = "umap", label = TRUE) + ggtitle(title1)
    
    sweep.res.list_sample <- paramSweep_v3(seu_sample, PCs = 1:10, sct = FALSE)
    sweep.stats_sample <- summarizeSweep(sweep.res.list_sample, GT = FALSE)
    bcmvn_sample <- find.pK(sweep.stats_sample)
    mpK <- as.numeric(as.vector(bcmvn_sample$pK[which.max(bcmvn_sample$BCmetric)]))
    print(paste("The best pK value of sample is:", mpK))
    
    annotations <- seu_sample@meta.data$seurat_clusters
    homotypic.prop <- modelHomotypic(annotations)
    doublet_rate <- 0.0008*num_cell*0.01
    nExp_poi <- round(doublet_rate*num_cell) 
    nExp_poi.adj <- round(nExp_poi*(1-homotypic.prop))
    
    seu_sample <- doubletFinder_v3(seu_sample, PCs = 1:10, pN = 0.25, pK = mpK, nExp = nExp_poi, reuse.pANN = FALSE, sct = FALSE)
    
    reuse.pANN_path <- paste('pANN_0.25_', mpK, '_', nExp_poi, sep = "")
    seu_sample <- doubletFinder_v3(seu_sample, PCs = 1:10, pN = 0.25, pK = mpK, nExp = nExp_poi.adj, reuse.pANN = reuse.pANN_path, sct = FALSE)
    
    group.by_path <- paste('DF.classifications_0.25_', mpK, '_', nExp_poi.adj, sep = "")
    title2 <- paste('Singlet:', num_cell - nExp_poi.adj, ' Doublet:', nExp_poi.adj, seq = "")
    q <- DimPlot(seu_sample, reduction = "umap", group.by = group.by_path) + ggtitle(title2)
    
    name = paste('DoubletFinder_M', person, '-', timepoint, '.pdf', sep = "")
    pdf(file = name)
    print(p)
    print(q)
    dev.off ()
    
    print(paste('DoubletFinder_M', person, '-', timepoint, ' DONE!', sep = ""))
  }
}

Batch effect correction & Clustering and annotation

To integrate cells into a shared space from different datasets for unsupervised clustering, we used the harmony algorithm (Korsunsky et al., 2019) to do batch effect correction. Batch effect correction & Clustering and annotation

Comparing immune cell proportion

The cell type ratio is calculated by dividing the number of cells of a particular cell type at a given point in time by the number of cells at a given point in time in a given participant. Comparing immune cell proportion

Gene sharing and specific expression analysis across timepoints

Mashr is used to estimate the role of each gene at each time point, allowing cross-time sharing and gene specific expression at specific time points mashr

Gene Ontology enrichment analysis for sets of genes with identical expression patterns

Through feature extraction, hierarchical clustering was carried out according to the slope, direction, zero percentage and cross-point slope of genes at ten timepoints.The degree of cohesion and separation were calculated for each clustering. Based on these genes, enriched GO terms and KEGG were then acquired for each genes using R package clusterProfiler following the default parameters. Annotation R package “org.Hs.eg.db” was used to map gene identifiers. clusterProfiler


sessionInfo()
R version 4.1.1 (2021-08-10)
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
Running under: Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS

Matrix products: default
BLAS:   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/blas/libblas.so.3.9.0
LAPACK: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lapack/liblapack.so.3.9.0

locale:
 [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NUMERIC=C              
 [3] LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8        LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8    
 [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8    LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8   
 [7] LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C                 
 [9] LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C            
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C       

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
[1] rmarkdown_2.11  knitr_1.37      workflowr_1.7.0

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] Rcpp_1.0.7       highr_0.9        compiler_4.1.1   pillar_1.6.4    
 [5] bslib_0.3.1      later_1.2.0      git2r_0.29.0     jquerylib_0.1.4 
 [9] tools_4.1.1      getPass_0.2-2    digest_0.6.29    jsonlite_1.7.2  
[13] evaluate_0.14    tibble_3.1.6     lifecycle_1.0.1  pkgconfig_2.0.3 
[17] rlang_0.4.12     rstudioapi_0.13  yaml_2.2.1       xfun_0.29       
[21] fastmap_1.1.0    httr_1.4.2       stringr_1.4.0    sass_0.4.0      
[25] fs_1.5.2         vctrs_0.3.8      rprojroot_2.0.2  glue_1.4.2      
[29] R6_2.5.1         processx_3.5.2   fansi_0.5.0      callr_3.7.0     
[33] magrittr_2.0.1   whisker_0.4      ps_1.6.0         promises_1.2.0.1
[37] htmltools_0.5.2  ellipsis_0.3.2   httpuv_1.6.4     utf8_1.2.2      
[41] stringi_1.7.6    crayon_1.4.2